Mechanism of action
Lactobacillus can antagonize pathogenic bacteria infection in the intestine primarily through bacteriocin, organic acids, and hydrogen dioxide; on the other hand, commensal organisms contribute to the colonization and function of lactobacilli via cross-feeding.Lactobacilli can elicit innate and adaptive immune responses in the host via binding to pattern recognition receptors (PRR) expressed on immune cells and many other tissues including the intestinal epithelium.